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Wednesday, April 28, 2004

Statistics For This Blog

I decided to review the visitors to my blog, and here is what I have recorded…

International Visitors

BRAZIL
ITALY
SWITZERLAND – GENEVA, THUN, ZURICH, BASEL
GERMANY – MAGDEBURG,
AUSTRALIA - BYRON BAY, BRISBANE,
CANADA – MISSISSAUGA, KITCHENER, VANCOUVER, TORONTO, WINDSOR, WINNIPEG, DELTA, BURNABY, CALGARY, BRANDON,
FRANCE - PARIS
GREAT BRITAIN – SHEFFIELD, LONDON, BRISTOL, BRIGHTON,
BRAZIL - SãO PAULO
ESTONIA - TALLINN
ITALY
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ISRAEL - TEL AVIV
THAILAND
NETHERLANDS
ARGENTINA - BUENOS AIRES
UNITED KINGDOM – STOCKPORT, LONDON, AUCKLAND
OMAN - MUSCAT
SPAIN - VALENCIA
LITHUANIA
JAPAN - CHIYODA-KU,
SWEDEN - CHIYODA-KU
GIBRALTAR
ITALY
SINGAPORE
HONG KONG
NEW ZEALAND - AUCKLAND
SAUDI ARABIA
INDIA - INDORE
HONG KONG
NIGERIA
PHILIPPINES
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF - SEOUL
SINGAPORE
COTE D'IVOIRE - ABIDJAN
POLAND - LUBLIN
SINGAPORE
MALAYSIA - KUALA LUMPUR
CROATIA
SINGAPORE
INDIA - INDORE
GERMANY - HAMBURG
NIGERIA - IBADAN
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES - DUBAI
INDONESIA
ISRAEL - TEL AVIV
BURKINA FASO
PAKISTAN
AUSTRALIA
SOUTH AFRICA
TURKEY - ISTANBUL
CHINA – SHANGHAI

Visits From Government Related Offices

tcs-gateway11.treas.gov,
HOUSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS - WASHINGTON D.C.
tcs-gateway11.treas.gov - FORT WASHINGTON, MARYLAND
DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT - LONDON, ENGLAND
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION – WALDORF, MARYLAND
COMMANDER NAVAL SURFACE U.S. PACIFIC FLEET – ARLINGTON, WASHINGTON
US DEPT OF JUSTICE – WASHINGTON, D.C.
US DOI BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT – AURORA, COLORADO
STATE OF UTAH GOVERNMENT - SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION – WASHINGTON, D.C.
THE DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY – LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE – BALTIMORE MARYLAND
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY – KNOXVILLE TENNESSEE
DEPT. OF VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER
UNICC INTERNATIONAL COMPUTING CENTRE - GENEVE, SWITZERLAND

Visits from Financial Institutions

CITICORP GLOBAL INFORMATION NETWORK – NYC
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO. INC
INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

Visits from Educational Institutions

UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
SUNY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
LA SIERRA UNIVERSITY
BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY
UCLA CAMPUS NETWORK SERVICES
TORONTO PUBLIC LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
PARRSWOOD HIGH SCHOOL – STOCKPORT, ENGLAND
BARSTOW COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT
MISSISSIPPI DEPT. OF EDUCATION
SPRINGVILLE UNION ELEMENTARY
TUFTS UNIVERSITY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
DUKE UNIVERSITY
FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL UNIVERSITY
EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS

I have no clue how these folks find my weblog, or what specifically generates the interest. I just post what the boss tells me to.

Ron Robinson
A Majority of One

P.S. My boss is a Jewish Carpenter


(0) comments

Saturday, April 24, 2004

Gold and silver are the most stable currency the world has ever seen


From the beginning of Islam until today, the value of the Islamic bimetallic currency has remained surprisingly stable in relation to basic consumable goods:

A chicken at the time of the Prophet, salla'llahu alaihi wa sallam, cost one dirham; today, 1,400 years later, a chicken costs approximately one dirham.

In 1,400 years inflation is zero.

Could we say the same about the dollar or any other paper currency in the last 25 years?

In the long term the bimetallic currency has proved to be the most stable currency the world has ever seen. It has survived, despite all the attempts by governments to transform it into a symbolic currency by imposing a nominal value different from its weight.

Reliability

Gold cannot be inflated by printing more of it; it cannot be devalued by government decree, and unlike paper currency it is an asset which does not depend upon anybody's promise to pay.

Portability and anonymity of gold are both important, but the most significant fact is that gold is an asset that is no-one else´s liability.

All forms of paper assets: bonds, shares, and even bank deposits, are promises to repay money borrowed. Their value is dependent upon the investor's belief that the promise will be fulfilled. As junk bonds and the Mexican peso have illustrated, a questionable promise soon loses value.

Gold is not like this. A piece of gold is independent of the financial system, and its worth is underwritten by 5,000 years of human experience.


Source

As far as I can tell, the net worth of the average American, including the "upper class," in lawful money of the united states, is........

ZERO!


Ron Robinson
A Majority of One



(0) comments

Wednesday, April 21, 2004

Re: THE COMING GREAT FORCLOSURE

The Rumor Mill News Reading Room

The Rumor Mill News Reading Room
http://www.rumormillnews.com
Re: THE COMING GREAT FORCLOSURE
Posted By: CliffMickelson
Date: Monday, 19 April 2004, 8:13 p.m.
In Response To: THE COMING GREAT FORCLOSURE (CliffMickelson)
***************************************************************************
Re: THE COMING GREAT FORCLOSURE
Hi Cliff:
You are correct....the Banksters are PLANNING on Nationwide foreclosure. However, it should be known by the borrowing public that Banksters and other Lenders have jeopardized their postiton as a 'holder in due course' for some rather glaring reasons.
I was involved in the Banking Industry, serving as a V. P. and Chairman of the Investment Committee for 4 years. This was a De Novo State Chartered Commercial Bank which I organized, along with 11 other Incorporators whom I selected.
Here's the skinny. When a Bank writes a Treasuruer's Check to cover a Mortgage, it is a BAD CHECK. Here's why.......Banks write many checks every day, however, they fail to keep sufficient cash (FRN's) in their vaults to cover the checks written daily. This is known as 'check kiting', compounded by the fact that another Bank recieving this Check for payment accepts it without question. If you or I tried to do this, we would be in jail momentarily. Additionally, the loan involves no 'money' whatsoever, the loan is created out of thia air by a mere bookkeeping or computer entry. It's the old story, repeated decade after decade, that when one goes into a bank to borrow money (for whatvever reason) the implication is that one is actually borrowing money.....not so, it is a mere 'credit bookkeeping entry loan' secured by the Borrower's signature and pledged collateral. There is NOTHING of value put at risk by the Lender.
Enter 'good faith', a necessary part of any valid loan transaction. In this instance, 'good faith' is ASSUMED by the Borrower...he/she assumes they have borrowed 'money' when in reality they have given the phoney loan validity by THEIR giving value to the Bank (signature and collateral via a Mortgage and Promissory Note). The Promissory Note says the Bank can foreclose if payments are not received on schedule. Further, many Promissory Notes contain an 'acceleration clause'which means the Bank can 'call' the Note anytime it desires to do so, without Notice....the full remaining balance is due right now!
So where is the 'good faith'? There is NONE on behalf of the Bank/Lender who has nothing at risk, yet can take the Mortgaged property at a whim.
Further, because a Bank/Lender puts nothing at risk (just a simple bookkeeping/computer entry)it is not qualified to be a 'holder in due course' as it has given nothing of value and is charging interest on NON-EXISTANT funds!
It is time for the American Debtor Public to be aware of the sham to which they are an unwitting party.
The same analogy applies here as it does with Statutory Law (color of law) and FRN's (colorable money)....both appear to genuine but are absolute fakes. Loans of credit by any Lender is a fraud upon it's face and like a counterfeit $100 bill, when the faud is discovered, it ceases to have value. The issie of fraud was addressed early in our History by the U.S. Supreme Court in U.S. v. Throckmorton, 98 at 61, Page 65 which states: "Fraud, vitiates the most Solemn Contracts, Documents and even Judgements"
There you have it, my friend. It was for my fighting the issues contained herein in State and Federal Courts nearly 20 years ago that brought the wrath of the Fed's and State goons upon my head, for which they summarily threw me in jail for exposing their 'code of ethics'. En masse, it would be a different story. We should 'get the word out' ASAP.
Kindly, WB

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Sunday, April 18, 2004

Rothschild to withdraw from London gold market

This appears to be a calculated move to depress gold prices and keep the suckers, I mean investors, in the stock market a while longer.-wrh April 18, 2004

Breaking News ie


Merchant bank Rothschild's has decided to withdraw from London's gold market, as part of a wider strategy to distract itself from all commodities trading out of the capital.

Last year, the business generated just 2.2% of the bank's income, down from more than 8% five years earlier.

Bank chairman David de Rothschild told the BBC: "our income from commodities trading in London has fallen as a percentage of our total income in each of the past five years".

"We have concluded that this is no longer a core area of activity and have, therefore, decided to withdraw from the market."


Is sliver being manipulated?

Article here.


Ron Robinson
A Majority of One



(0) comments
Set Your House in Order

Secret Combinations:

Selected Quotes from modern day Prophets and Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, compiled by Steven Montgomery Please refer to Steven's website at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Crete/4516/sc.html


After speaking about the dangers of Communism, President David O. McKay then gave this warning, "Latter-day Saints should have nothing to do with secret combinations and groups antagonistic to the constitutional law of the land." (David O. McKay, Conference Report, Oct 1939)

"The ancient Prophet Moroni saw our day, who can doubt that he had in mind the evils of godless communism when he gave this solemn warning: "Wherefore, O ye Gentiles, it is wisdom in God that these things should be shown unto you, that thereby ye may repent of your sins, and suffer not that these murderous combinations shall get above you... Wherefore, the Lord commandeth you, when you shall see these things come among you that ye shall awake to a sense of your awful situation, because of this secret combination which shall be among you. . . For it cometh to pass that whoso buildeth it up seeketh to overthrow the freedom of all lands, nations and countries; and it bringeth to pass the destruction of all people, for it is built up by the devil, who is the father of all lies. . ." (Ezra Taft Benson, quoting from Ether 8:23-25,Conference Report Oct 1960)


After quoting Ether 8:23-25 [see the quote above], Ezra Taft Benson then said, "Today, the international, criminal, communist conspiracy fits this Book of Mormon description perfectly, for there is a combination of gangsters who lust for power, who have liquidated some 70 million [today the estimate ranges as high as 200 million] people, brought one-third of the world's population under bondage, and who seek to overthrow the freedom of all nations. . ." (Ezra Taft Benson, The Book Of Mormon Warns America, speech given at BYU, May 21, 1968 and as quoted in An Enemy Hath Done This, Chapter 29, pg. 328)


"Joseph Smith said that the Book of Mormon was the 'keystone of our religion' and the 'most correct' book on Earth (Doctrinal History of the Church, Vol. 6, p. 56). This most correct book on Earth states that the downfall of two great American civilizations came as a result of secret conspiracies whose desire was to overthrow the freedom of the people. 'And they have caused the destruction of this people of whom I am now speaking', says Moroni, 'and also the destructions of the people of Nephi (Ether 8:21).' Now undoubtedly Moroni could have pointed out many factors that led to the destruction of the people, but notice how he singled out the secret combinations, just as the Church today could point out many threats to peace, prosperity, and the spread of God's work, but it has singled out the greatest threat as the godless conspiracy. There is no conspiracy theory in the Book of Mormon--it is a conspiracy fact. Then Moroni speaks to us in this day and says, 'wherefore, the Lord commandeth you, when ye shall see these things come among you that ye shall awake to a sense of your awful situation, because of this secret combination which shall be among you . . ." (Ezra Taft Benson, CR, April 1972, Ensign, pg. 49-53)


"Whenever the God of Heaven reveals His gospel to mankind, Satan, the archenemy to Christ, introduces a counterfeit. . . Communism introduced into the world a substitute for true religion, It is a counterfeit of the gospel plan . . . Today, we are in the battle for the bodies and souls of man. It is a battle between two opposing systems: freedom and slavery, Christ and AntiChrist. . . More recently, President Marion G. Romney, in the 1st Pres. message in the September 1979 Ensign, wrote: 'Communism is Satan's counterfeit for the gospel plan, and . . . it is an avowed enemy of the God of the land. Communism is the greatest Anti-Christ power in the world today and therefore the greatest menace not only to our peace but to our preservation as a free people. By the extent to which we tolerate it, accomodate ourselves to it, permit ourselves to be encircled by its tentacles and drawn to it, to that extent we forfeit the protection of the God of the Land. . .' So I say with all the energy of my soul that unless we as citizens of this nation forsake our sins, political and otherwise, and return to the fundamental principles of Christianity and of Constitutional government, we will lose our political liberties, our free institutions and will stand in jeopardy before God. . . There are some things we can and must do at once if we are to stave off a holocaust of destruction. . . We must awaken to a 'sense of our awful situation because of the secret combination which is among us' (Ether 8:24). We must not tolerate accomodation with or appeasement toward the false system of communism. . ." (Ezra Taft Benson, CR, Oct. 1979; Ensign, Nov 1979, pgs. 43-47)

"Shortly before the wicked were destroyed at the time of the crucifixion, the Gadianton robbers obtained, 'the sole management of the government' among the Nephites, 'insomuch that they did trample under their feet and smite and rend and turn their backs upon the poor and the meek, and the humble followers of God' (Helaman 6:39). Their Minions filled 'the judgement seats', they usurped 'the ower and authority of the land', 'condemned the righteous because of their righteousness' and let 'the guilty and the wicked go unpunished because of their money'. 'They sought to get gain and glory of the world', that they might 'more easily commit adultery, and steal, and kill, and do according to their own wills' (Helaman 7:4-5). These Nephite descriptions of the secret combinations of their day give us an understanding of what their prophets meant when they spoke of like evil organizations in the last days . . . Moroni also said that these secret combinations caused the destruction of the Jaredite and Nephite nations and will cause our destruction if we permit them to control our government . . . Moroni here (Ether 8:23-35) speaks of one particular secret combination and prophecies that it will be among us in our day. Next Moroni turns the key so that all who have ears to hear can understand what the secret combination is and can identify those who build it up. 'For it cometh to pass', he says, 'that whoso buildeth it up seeketh to overthrow the freedom of all lands, nations, and countries'. This is a worldwide conspiracy. It is now entrenched in many nations, and it seeks dominion over all nations. It is godless, atheistic, and operates by compulsion. It is communism." (Bruce R. McConkie, The Millenial Messiah, p. 65-66)

"Concerning the United States, the Lord revealed to his prophets that its greatest threat would be a vast, world-wide 'secret combination' which would not only threaten United States but also seek to 'overthrow the freedom of all lands, nations, and countries' (Ether 8:25). In connection with attack on the United States, the Lord told the Prophet Joseph Smith there would be an attempt to overthrow the country by destroying the Constitution. Joseph Smith predicted that the time would come when the Constitution would hang, as it were, by a thread, and at that time 'this people will step forth and save it from threatened destruction' (Journal History, Brigham Young's Speech, July 4, 1854). . . . The Prophet Moroni seemed greatly exercised lest inour day we might not be able to recognize the startling fact that the same secret societies which destroyed the Jaredites and decimated numerous kingdoms of both Nephites and Lamanites would be precisely the same form of criminial conspiracy which would rise up among the gentile nations in this day. The strategems of the leaders of these societies are amazingly familiar to anyone who has studied the tactics of modern communist leaders. The Lord has declared that before the second coming of Christ it will be necessary to 'destroy the secret works of darkness . . ' in order to preserve the land of Zion--the Americas (2 Nephi 10: 11-16). The world-wide secret conspiracy which has risen up in our day to fulfill these prophecies is easily identified. President Mckay has left no room for doubt as to what attitude Latter-day Saints should take toward the modern 'secret combination' of conspiratorial communism . . ." (Ezra Taft Benson, CR, Oct 1961, p. 69-75)

"President McKay has called Communism the greatest threat to the Church today." (David O. McKay, CR, Priesthood Session, April 9, 1966)

"The conflict between communism and freedom is the problem of our time. It overshadows all other problems." (David O. McKay, CR, Oct. 1959)

"We call upon all church members completely to eschew communism. The saftey of our divinely inspired Constitutional government and the welfare of our Church imperatively demand that Communism shall have no place in America. . . I must say I do think the Communist conspiracy is one of the greatest menaces in history." (David O. McKay, 1st Presidency Message, Statements on Communism and the Constitution of the United States, 1964, p. 28)

". . . the Book of Mormon brings men to Christ through two basic means. . . [the second of which is] the Book of Mormon exposes the enemies of Christ. . . God, with his infinite foreknowledge, so molded the Book of Mormon that we might see the error and know how to combat false. . . political. . . concepts of our time. . . Now, we have not been using the Book of Mormon as we should. . . our families may be corrupted by worldly trends and teachings unless we know how to use the book to expose and combat the falsehoods in socialism, organic evolution, rationalism, humanism, etc. . . Our Nation will continue to degenerate unless we read and heed the words of the God of this land, Jesus Christ, and quit building up and upholding the secret combinations which the Book of Mormon tells us proved the downfall of both previous American civilizations." (Ezra Taft Benson, CR, April 5, 1975, when Ezra Taft Benson became the Prophet of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints he repeated this talk at least 37 different times, at every Regional Conference he attended, The Regional Representatives Seminar, reprinted as the 1st Presidency message in the Ensign, at talks he gave at different Wards he attended, etc.)

"To all who have discerning eyes, it is apparent that the republican form of government established by our noble forefathers cannot long endure once fundamental principles are abandoned. Momentum is gathering for another conflict--a repetition of the crisis of two hundred years ago. This collision of ideas is worldwide. Another monumental moment is soon to be born. The issue is the same that precipitated the great premortal conflict--will men be free to determine their own course of action or must they be coerced? We are fast approaching that moment prophesied by Joseph Smith when he said, 'even this nation will be on the very verge of crumbling to pieces and tumbling to the ground, and when the Constitution is upon the brink of ruin, this people will be the staff upon which the nation shall lean, and they shall bear the Constitution away from the very verge of destruction.' (July 19, 1840, Church Historians Office, SLC)." (Ezra Taft Benson, The Constitution: A Heavenly Banner, Deseret Book, 1986, p. 27-28)

"I testify that wickedness is rapidly expanding in every segment of our society (see D&C 1: 14-16; 84: 49-53). It is more highly organized, more cleverly disguised and more powerfully promoted than ever before. Secret Combinations lusting for power, gain, and glory are flourishing. A Secret Combination that seeks to overthrow the freedom of all lands, nations and countries is increasing its evil influence and control over America and the entire world (see Ether 8: 18-25)." (President Ezra Taft Benson, General Conference, October 1988)

Some Book Of Mormon Passages To Ponder And Study

During his tenure as a General Authority Ezra Taft Benson quoted from Ether 8:23-25 more often than Any other scripture!
The importance of the Book of Ether is highlighted by the following verses:

Mosiah 8:9, 12, 19; 21:27; 28:11,12,17,19
Alma 37:21-32
Helaman 6:26
Ether 1:2; 3:22; 15:33
Insight into the aims, methods, strategy, etc., of Secret Combinations are illustrated by numerous verses among which are these:

Alma 8:16,17; 10:27; 30:6-53; 43:29,45; 47:4,8,18,24,30,35; 48:1,7; 51:2,5-8, 13; 61:4; 62:9-10
Helaman 1:7-12; 2:1-14; 3:23; 4:22; 6:17-41; 7:4-5, 25; 8:1-4,7; 10:6,11; 11:10,26
3 Nephi 1:27; 2:11-12, 17-19; 3:1-26; 6:21-30; 7:1-2; 9:9
4 Nephi 42
Mormon 9:5-6
Insight can be gained by studying the Lamanites claim to legitimate power and authority:

Mosiah 10:12,15
2 Nephi 54:17,24
3 Nephi 3:10
"Behold, I speak unto you as if ye were present, and yet ye are not. But behold, Jesus Christ hath shown you unto me, and I know your doing" (Mormon 8:34-35).

If they say our day, and chose those things which would be of greatest worth to us, is not that how we should study the Book of Mormon? We should constantly ask ourselves, 'Why did the Lord inspire Mormon (or Moroni, or Alma) to include that in his record? What lesson can I learn from that to help me live in this day and age? . . . From the Book of Mormon we see the evils of Secret Combinations portrayed in graphic and chilling reality." (Ezra Taft Benson, CR, October 1986, Ensign, November 1986, pgs. 6-7)



Ron Robinson
A Majority of One


Friday, April 16, 2004

Profetic References to the Signs of the Last Days

"The Devil knows that if the Elders of Israel should ever wake up, they could step forth and help preserve freedom and extend the gospel. Therefore, the Devil has concentrated, and to a large extent successfully, in neutralizing much of the priesthood. He has reduced them to sleeping giants."

-Ezra Taft Benson

The following is a wake up call to EVERYONE on the planet, as it affects the entire human family.

Secret Combinations





(0) comments
Presidential Candidate Responds

From : Lawrence Rey Topham
Reply-To : lrtopham@lycos.com
Sent : Thursday, April 15, 2004 12:44 PM
To : "Megan A. Johnson"
CC : "Jan Kerr"
Subject : Re: Concern For the Trafficking of Women

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


From: Lawrence Rey Topham
Secretary of State
Acting Governor
State of Utah

Dear Megan A. Johnson
University of Scranton
Scranton, Pennsylvania

I was pleased to receive your e-mail request. However, I am not necessarily
overjoyed about the subject you have asked me to address: Violence against women
and particularly trafficking of women in the sex industry.

I share your concern and would like to see this type of conduct stop and
the industry that profits from it go out of business. Next to murder itself,
what worse acts can be committed than violence to women, especially trafficing
in them for profit.

You asked eight questions to be answered.

1. Please define the phrase, “trafficking of women.”

Trafficking of women is an enterprise for profit engaged in by persons who
have no concern for the general personal welfare of women. The motive is, like
most enterprises, to profit from the services of other people. In this
particular enterprise, the fundamental purpose is to provide women for immoral
purposes, often prohibit by law, depending on the jurisdiction.

In the United States and most of the States it is prohibited by law. But
this has been greatly weakened by court decisions that have allowed consenting
Adults to engage in conduct previously prohibited by law. This has definitely
blurred the line between what is outlawed and what is not, in the view of the
judiciary.

2. Do you feel that the trafficking of women in a sex industry is something
that needs to be addressed?

Most definitely! It is a serious threat to the survival of the nations
whose people engage in it. It, undoubtedly is a major source for the
transmission of diseases of many kinds, which plague the world.

3. What is your position on the issue?

I am unalterably opposed to any violence against women and would like to
eliminate the trafficking of women everywhere in the United States of America,
and throughout the world. I believe the time will soon be upon us when such
wickedness and abomination will be done away with, and I will use all my influence to
help bring about the end of such iniquity.

4. Are you aware of any legislation that currently exists that protect these
women who are illegally imported into this country?

Yes. There are Federal and State statutes, sometimes, referred to as white
slavery laws. Many States have been enacting battered women legislation. The
stalking laws in some States provide a means to get restraining orders to keep
unwanted pursuers away, but they have not proved to be very effective because
the orders are often ignored by the restrained person and many law enforcers
simply do not respond to requests for protection from the person or persons
being stalked.

5. How can this legislation, or the implementing of any other types of
legislation, be imposed in order to offer more protection for these women?

This is one of the most difficult areas because women who are victimized
against their will are associated in the trafficking with women who willingly
participate for their own purposes, and others who reluctantly take part because
they have an object in view that they want to accomplish and therefore subject
themselves to the will of the traffickers.


6. As stated before, trafficking of women in the sex industry is more of an
international issue than a national issue. As a world superpower, do you
believe that the United States should take action in trying to fight this
international problem?

Without question!

7. If so, what type of action would you take?

The real solution requires the teaching of true principles of proper human
conduct to individuals in there personal and public and religious capacities.
People, necessarily, must choose their own course of conduct. People have
inalienable rights to life, liberty and property in the pursuit of happiness,
which is the ultimate purpose or goal of our existence.

Properly defined legislation may be very helpful, if it is just, and if it
is conscientiously, uniformly and equitably enforced.

I, personally, would use all of my influence to persuade others to improve
their own personal conduct, and carry out their responsibilities and duties to
their fellow beings, their eternal brothers and sisters. Those who believe life
ends when mortal bodies die are less inclined to care for the welfare of others
in the eternal welfare of the human soul.

8. What do you believe to be the main cause of this problem?

I believe that ignorance is the main cause. Other causes are based in general
human nature. If we do not understand our true potential, we will never be able
to comprehend the worth of souls in the site of our great Creator, who gave his
own earthly life, that we might live with Him in eternity. If we lived by the
same principles and laws He lived by our earthly lives would be much improved
and eventually perfected.

He, our Creator and our Savior, gave us the golden rule to live by. "Do unto
others as you would have them do unto you," is one way to express the law.

Legislators, executive officers, and judicial officers and other political
leaders are, mostly, prone to pander to the will of special interest groups,
particularly, those who contribute to their political campaigns. This weakens
their will to do what is right, even when they clearly know what is right. But
as they yield to the temptations to take the contributions, their view, that
once was clear, begins to be clouded. This is a progressive tendency and
eventually leads to corrupt influence rather than good influence.

I have created a web page that has many references concerning correct
principles. There are numerous links at: http://www.geocities.com/webnetalert
that may be of help to you. It links to most of my other websites and many of
them link to each other.

Ultimately, our own personal choices will determine how we will fare in
this life. We must choose the right, even if we are surrounded with those who do
evil for a living. "It is our duty to concentrate all of our influence to make
popular that which is sound and good and unpopular that which is unsound," said
Joseph Smith, Jr., Mayor of Nauvoo, Illinois.

I hope my answers are helpful to you in preparing for your meeting of young
voters, they are very much linked to the future of this nation and to the world.

Thank you for your invitation, and I apologize for doing this the last day. I
have not included references to any particular laws, but If I can get some for
you today I will send those laws to you.

Most Sincerely and Respectfully,

Larry
___________________
Lawrence Rey Topham
Secretary of State
State of Utah, and
Candidate for President of the United States of America

---
Lawrence Rey Topham
For President of the United States -2004 A.D.
First, we must return to gold and silver Coin as required by the United States
Constitution.
Second, we must fill the vacancies in public office with persons who are bound
by oath or affirmation to uphold gold and silver Coin as the only Tender in
Payment of Debts.
Third, we must support, obey and defend the Constitution of the United States of
America, and that law which is constitutional.


Response from Megan

DATE: Thu, 15 Apr 2004 21:01:57
From: "Megan A. Johnson"
To: lrtopham@lycos.com
Cc:

Dear Lawrence Rey Topham,

I would like to take this time to personally thank you for your time and your
concern. Not many people are as informed or as concerned with this issue as you
are. You have gone above and beyond anyone's expectations through your detailed
responses and continued research on this topic. I will be very sure to inform
the individuals attending the Young Voter's Issue Campaign of this determination
in answering the questions of one voter in the United States. Because you put
so much time and effort into assisting me with this aspect of the campaign, I
will be sure to spread this news. You have my vote, guaranteed. There are not
many candidates this dedicated in helping one voter at a time. Thank you. Good
Luck in your campaign.

With The Utmost Gratitude,
Megan A. Johnson

Links:

Dear Megan A. Johnson
University of Scranton
Scranton, Pennsylvania

I took a little time and put together some laws relating to your request.
There are about 640,000 websites hits relating to Trafficking of Women, I
thought you wanted my opinion rather than theirs, so that is what I sent you in
my first reply. You asked about some legislation I might know about Some of the
websites gave some information about that also, but I thought these items below
might be something to which you may not have had direct reference, the actual
laws.

These reference links are from Titles 22 and 24 of the United States Code
including the section numbers and are hyperlinked so you can review them
yourself very simply.

Of course, the Declaration of Independence stated that: "We are endowed by
our Creator with certain inalienable rights." My webpage gives you links to the
Declaration of Independence and the Constitution right near the top of the site.

Moreover, the Constitution of the United States was established to secure
the rights contained in the Declaration of Independence, Life, Liberty and
Property for our pursuit of happiness. So I have included with the links below,
links to the Fifth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth amendments which pertain to the
subject of protecting the rights of women. The rights of all persons are
included in these amendments, not just citizens. They say, "no person" so it
includes everyone within the jurisdiction of the United States.

http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/constitution/amendment05/Fifth Amendment

http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/constitution/amendment13/01.html Thirteenth
Amendment


http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/constitution/amendment14/Fourteenth Amendment

http://news.corporate.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/scotus/sc2002yrrpt.html 2002 A.D.
U.S. Supreme Court Report - Search Key word=Trafficking

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/102/sections/section%5F9511.html
Section 9511 Prevention and Control of Sex Offenses;

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/112/sections/section%5F10606%5Fnotes.html
Section 10606 Notes

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/46/subchapters/xii%2Dh/sections/section%5F3796gg.html
Section 3796gg. Purpose of program and grants

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/102/subchapters/v/sections/section%5F9511%5Fnotes.html
Section 9511 Notes

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/22/chapters/78/sections/section%5F7101.html
Section 7101. Purposes and findings

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/22/chapters/78/sections/section%5F7102.html
Section 7102. Definitions

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/22/chapters/78/sections/section%5F7103.html
Section 7103. Interagency Task Force to Monitor and Combat Trafficking

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/22/chapters/78/sections/section%5F7104.html
Section 7104. Prevention of trafficking

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/22/chapters/78/sections/section%5F7106.html
Section 7106. Minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/title_search.pl?keyword=trafficking+in+sex&title=uscodes
Reference List of Sections 7101 etc.

Megan: If the above links don't work, I created a web page that has the links on
them at:

http://www.angelfire.com/ut2/lrtopham/Megan.html

I hope this is the type of material you were seeking from me. It really is an
important subject and a vital matter to remedy.

Thank Your for allowing me to participate.

Most Sincerely and Respectfully,

Lawrence Rey Topham
Secretary of State
State of Utah, and
Candidate For President of the United States of America




(1) comments

Wednesday, April 14, 2004

What is money? How do we save the constitution?


Excerpts from Real Money is Real Title by David Ike…

What is money?

The governments, bankers, lawyers, the Crown, Federal Reserve System, the Rothschilds, the Bank of England and countless others (hereafter the LIARS) have gone to great lengths to define...no...to RE-define money. They have taught us through their government-controlled banking and government-controlled education systems that money is anything that people have trust in and is used for the exchange of goods and services.

Gold, silver, bronze and other metal coins have been used 'as money' and 'for money' for thousands of years. It was the historical demand of the worker which forced the governments and the employers to return something of equal value for the labor performed. Anything less is bordering on slavery.

When you have exchanged your labor for silver or gold coins, you have agreed to release title to your labor and received title to the coins. The title of equal value remains yours.


When is 'money' not money?

Paper is what the LIARS want us to believe is money. We have paper and it is money? The LIARS have the gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and precious gems. We have paper.

Regardless of the patriot slurs, paper does have intrinsic value and is not worthless. In fact, it cost the Federal Reserve Bank about one ounce of gold ($300USD) to print one million paper dollars. So it has some intrinsic value... it is just such a very low value - that - no one who understands the real value would exchange forty hours of hard work for half a ream of paper! (about $1.50 USD)

(If you have agreed to work that cheap and accept a small amount of paper for your labor then all is well and the paper is money. Your value is just very low and I have reams of paper to pay you with.)

Many can remember Granny saying, "I used to buy six loaves of bread for a dollar." Well grandma -- That was a silver dollar you used and that SAME SILVER DOLLAR will still buy six loaves of bread or MORE!

High-end automobiles in the 1950's cost an average of $7000 dollars. In 1950 the dollars were still based on silver. Today that same high-end car costs around $30,000 Federal Reserve Notes - or 7000 ounces of silver or 7000 silver dollars. In reality, the vehicle cost much less than in the 1950's, because look at how much MORE car and technical improvements you get with the SAME amount of silver.

The price and value have NOT risen. Only the number of fraudulent debt notes being used as money.

If we can ever right the money wrongs being perpetrated by the reptilian LIARS, we have to stop accepting their debt notes for our labor - BEFORE their fraudulent system fails. All frauds fail. It's a natural end result of LIES. The current system is overdue for failure and it has taken hook and crook to keep it sustained for this long.

END OF EXCERPT - Why the rest of this post is all italics is beyond me!

Secession?

After listening to the speech by Hutton Gibson in which he suggest secession as a solution to the federal tyranny, I decided to research the issue.

I had just read this article posted by David Goodyear, which referenced a book by Frank Chodorov The Income Tax: Root of All Evil (text and pdf) with an introduction by former Utah Governor J. Bracken Lee, which advocated the repeal of the 16th amendment. I was doing a google search on secession, found a link to the Vermont Manifesto. (throw in a little satire here) Then I came across this website where J. Bracken Lee had another idea…

Ultimate resolution: Fire 'em all

In an earlier column, I suggested that liberty-loving Americans begin to think about secession. That column brought in the greatest amount of reader response this year. Virtually all of it was supportive.

Since then, I've discovered there are people actually studying the matter.

One is the Utah-based Committee of 50 States, chaired by former Utah Gov. J. Bracken Lee and directed by Professor Joseph Stumph.

LESS THAN SECESSION

Their proposal is less radical than secession. They're trying to get 38 state legislatures, three- fourths of the states, to pass what they call "The Ulti- mate Resolution," which kicks in when the federal debt reaches $6 trillion.

If "The Ultimate Resolution" went into effect, it would dissolve the entire federal apparatus. The president, members of the House and the Senate, and the federal judiciary would be summarily fired.


End of excerpt


Well whudaya know!

Even though were a mere 1 trillion overdue, (assuming the debt isn’t actually 35 trillion) maybe its time to pick up the ball! Maybe; just maybe, Lawrence Rey Topham isn’t the “nut job” everyone seems to think! Maybe it is time to set your house in order.

So what you say?

So what if neither the Republican nor the Democrat political parties have registered with the Secretary of State of Utah since 1981, or even before then.

So what if they are unofficial parties in Utah, as are all other parties at the present time.

So what if the Secretary of State of Utah did not certify any Republican Electors to Congress for the 2000 A.D., General Election.

So what if it was impossible for George W. Bush to become President of the United States of America, or that the corruption in Utah has spread over the whole nation bringing the Constitution to the brink of ruin and to the very verge of destruction.

So what if George W. Bush is not the duly elected president of the United States of America.

So what if that this “nut job” has sacrificed his marriage, his church membership, and the things of this world, to honor and obey the Constitution by refusing to participate in the conspiracy by not using any thing but silver and gold. Can you name even one public official that is not participating in the conspiracy?


In compliance with Article 6 of the Constitution, the very first act passed by Congress and signed by President Washington on June 1, 1789, was the actual oath to support the Constitution that was to be administered to various government officers. President Ezra Taft Benson, October 3. 1987 A.D.

No State shall...coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts.

But here is the beauty in all of this.

The pricks have already fired themselves! All that is left to do is kick them out of the office!

Ahh, what’s the use! Beam me up Scotty; there’s no intelligent life down here.


Ron Robinson
A Majority of One

(0) comments
More on Turn the Flag on April 30th

Upside down American Flag raises neighbor's ire
Tom Boné
Havelock

Richard Evey says flying his American flag upside down is a sign of protest, not disrespect for the national symbol.
Richard Evey is proud of his brand new American flag.

Even though he’s flying it upside down, his Westbrook subdivision neighbors don’t share his pride.

“I think it’s downright disrespectful,” said Michael Grantham who lives diagonally across the street.

Grantham, a student at Craven Community College, is barely half Evey’s age, but his background includes a healthy knowledge of flag etiquette and patriotism. As an Eagle Scout in a military town, he’s convinced Evey’s upside down flag shows a lack of patriotism.

“I’m not the only one,” he said. “One of our neighbors called the police about it.”

Police chief Mike Campbell says calling the police won’t rotate Evey’s stars and bars 180 degrees.

“My father fought in several wars during his Marine Corps days,” said Campbell. “As an individual, I can tell you I don’t particularly like it [Evey’s upside down flag], but as police chief I recognize he has a right to express his opinion.”

Evey says his decision to buy a brand new flag from E.T.’s Military Surplus and deliberately fly it upside down followed months of deliberation.

“It’s a signal of distress,” he said. “I’m convinced that our country is in distress because our government has run amuck.”

Evey said his attitude is best described by an old saying: “I love my country, but fear my government.”

“Even before the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks our government has been slowly taking away our rights, and now, with the Patriot Act, our government has been moving towards becoming a police state.”

Evey said he has been in contact with a friend on the Internet who runs a Website dedicated to constitutional issues. That friend has also been flying his flag upside down.

“He caught holy heck for it,” said Evey. “I thought long and hard before I decided to voice my opinion, but then one day I said to myself it’s time to take a stand.”

He readily admits his greatest worry, that the Patriot Act is “a massive violation of the Constitution” is debatable.

“But that’s the point,” he said. “Somebody has to start the debate. You’re going to see more and more of these upside down flags across the country, and we’re going to start the dialogue, one community at a time.”

Bud Webster, owner of the military surplus store where Evey purchased his flag, wishes Evey “had found some other way to express his concerns.”

Webster, a retired Marine Corps gunnery sergeant with nearly three years service in Vietnam and two Purple Hearts to show for it, said he draws the line between political protest and what most of his fellow Marines would call “a desecration of our national flag.”

“I don’t care for what he’s doing, but I would never say he’s being un-American,” said Webster.

“Combat veterans from my war and the ones before it fought for the freedoms Americans enjoy today,” he said. “And those rights include freedom of speech, and the right to protest.

“I don’t care for the way Richard has chosen to protest, and I wish he had found some other way, but hey — contrary to what he might be saying, this is a free country after all.”







(0) comments

Tuesday, April 13, 2004

Federal Felonies Related to the Debt


If we release all the non violent victims of the insane Republican War on Drugs, and prisoners convicted of "victimless crimes," there should be plenty of room for all the scoundrels. But here's the rub: Who is qualified to carry out the prosecution? None of the judges are compensated in lawful money of the United States.

Compensation, debts, taxes and public accounts are measured in dollars or units. Dollars, therefore cannot vary--be increased nor decreased, as to their value by congress, the president, or the courts. To do so would vary the compensation of members of congress, vary the compensation of the president, and vary the compensation of the justices and judges, thereby divesting them of their respective legislative, executive and judicial powers.


First, we must return to gold and silver Coin as required by the United States
Constitution.

Second, we must fill the vacancies in public office with persons who are bound
by oath or affirmation to uphold gold and silver Coin as the only Tender in
Payment of Debts.

Third, we must support, obey and defend the Constitution of the United States of
America, and that law which is constitutional.


From Webnet Alerts:


United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 17 - COINS AND CURRENCY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 334. Issuance of Federal Reserve or national bank notes
Whoever, being a Federal Reserve Agent, or an agent or employee of such Federal Reserve Agent, or of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, issues or puts in circulation any Federal Reserve notes, without complying with or in violation of the provisions of law regulating the issuance and circulation of such Federal Reserve notes; or
Whoever, being an officer acting under the provisions of chapter 2 of Title 12, countersigns or delivers to any national banking association, or to any other company or person, any circulating notes contemplated by that chapter except in strict accordance with its provisions -
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. United States Code
TITLE 12 - BANKS AND BANKING
CHAPTER 3 - FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
SUBCHAPTER XII - FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 411. Issuance to reserve banks; nature of obligation; redemption
Federal reserve notes, to be issued at the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the purpose of making advances to Federal reserve banks through the Federal reserve agents as hereinafter set forth and for no other purpose, are authorized. The said notes shall be obligations of the United States and shall be receivable by all national and member banks and Federal reserve banks and for all taxes, customs, and other public dues. They shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve bank.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 19 - CONSPIRACY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 371. Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States
If two or more persons conspire either to commit any offense against the United States, or to defraud the United States, or any agency thereof in any manner or for any purpose, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
If, however, the offense, the commission of which is the object of the conspiracy, is a misdemeanor only, the punishment for such conspiracy shall not exceed the maximum punishment provided for such misdemeanor.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 25 - COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 471. Obligations or securities of United States
Whoever, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or alters any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 25 - COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 472. Uttering counterfeit obligations or securities
Whoever, with intent to defraud, passes, utters, publishes, or sells, or attempts to pass, utter, publish, or sell, or with like intent brings into the United States or keeps in possession or conceals any falsely made, forged, counterfeited, or altered obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 25 - COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 473. Dealing in counterfeit obligations or securities
Whoever buys, sells, exchanges, transfers, receives, or delivers any false, forged, counterfeited, or altered obligation or other security of the United States, with the intent that the same be passed, published, or used as true and genuine, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 4. Misprision of felony
Whoever, having knowledge of the actual commission of a felony cognizable by a court of the United States, conceals and does not as soon as possible make known the same to some judge or other person in civil or military authority under the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 2. Principals
(a) Whoever commits an offense against the United States or aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures its commission, is punishable as a principal.
(b) Whoever willfully causes an act to be done which if directly performed by him or another would be an offense against the United States, is punishable as a principal.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 3. Accessory after the fact
Whoever, knowing that an offense against the United States has been committed, receives, relieves, comforts or assists the offender in order to hinder or prevent his apprehension, trial or punishment, is an accessory after the fact.
Except as otherwise expressly provided by any Act of Congress, an accessory after the fact shall be imprisoned not more than one-half the maximum term of imprisonment or (notwithstanding section 3571) fined not more than one-half the maximum fine prescribed for the punishment of the principal, or both; or if the principal is punishable by life imprisonment or death, the accessory shall be imprisoned not more than 15 years.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 31 - EMBEZZLEMENT AND THEFT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 652. Disbursing officer paying lesser in lieu of lawful amount
Whoever, being an officer, clerk, agent, employee, or other person charged with the payment of any appropriation made by Congress, pays to any clerk or other employee of the United States, or of any department or agency thereof, a sum less than that provided by law, and requires such employee to receipt or give a voucher for an amount greater than that actually paid to and received by him, is guilty of embezzlement, and shall be fined under this title or in double the amount so withheld, whichever is greater, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both; but if the amount embezzled is $1,000 or less, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
United States Code TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 31 - EMBEZZLEMENT AND THEFT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02 Section 656. Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee Whoever, being an officer, director, agent or employee of, or connected in any capacity with any Federal Reserve bank, member bank, depository institution holding company, national bank, insured bank, branch or agency of a foreign bank, or organization operating under section 25 or section 25(a) (FOOTNOTE 1) of the Federal Reserve Act, or a receiver of a national bank, insured bank, branch, agency, or organization or any agent or employee of the receiver, or a Federal Reserve Agent, or an agent or employee of a Federal Reserve Agent or of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, embezzles, abstracts, purloins or willfully misapplies any of the moneys, funds or credits of such bank, branch, agency, or organization or holding company or any moneys, funds, assets or securities intrusted to the custody or care of such bank, branch, agency, or organization, or holding company or to the custody or care of any such agent, officer, director, employee or receiver, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both; but if the amount embezzled, abstracted, purloined or misapplied does not exceed $1,000, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (FOOTNOTE 1) See References in Text note below. As used in this section, the term ''national bank'' is synonymous with ''national banking association''; ''member bank'' means and includes any national bank, state bank, or bank and trust company which has become a member of one of the Federal Reserve banks; ''insured bank'' includes any bank, banking association, trust company, savings bank, or other banking institution, the deposits of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; and the term ''branch or agency of a foreign bank'' means a branch or agency described in section 20(9) of this title. For purposes of this section, the term ''depository institution holding company'' has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 42 - EXTORTIONATE CREDIT TRANSACTIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 891. Definitions and rules of construction
For the purposes of this chapter:
(1) To extend credit means to make or renew any loan, or to enter into any agreement, tacit or express, whereby the repayment or satisfaction of any debt or claim, whether acknowledged or disputed, valid or invalid, and however arising, may or will be deferred.
(2) The term ''creditor'', with reference to any given extension of credit, refers to any person making that extension of credit, or to any person claiming by, under, or through any person making that extension of credit.
(3) The term ''debtor'', with reference to any given extension of credit, refers to any person to whom that extension of credit is made, or to any person who guarantees the repayment of that extension of credit, or in any manner undertakes to indemnify the creditor against loss resulting from the failure of any person to whom that extension of credit is made to repay the same.
(4) The repayment of any extension of credit includes the repayment, satisfaction, or discharge in whole or in part of any debt or claim, acknowledged or disputed, valid or invalid, resulting from or in connection with that extension of credit.
(5) To collect an extension of credit means to induce in any way any person to make repayment thereof.
(6) An extortionate extension of credit is any extension of credit with respect to which it is the understanding of the creditor and the debtor at the time it is made that delay in making repayment or failure to make repayment could result in the use of violence or other criminal means to cause harm to the person, reputation, or property of any person.
(7) An extortionate means is any means which involves the use, or an express or implicit threat of use, of violence or other criminal means to cause harm to the person, reputation, or property of any person.
(8) The term ''State'' includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and territories and possessions of the United States.
(9) State law, including conflict of laws rules, governing the enforceability through civil judicial processes of repayment of any extension of credit or the performance of any promise given in consideration thereof shall be judicially noticed. This paragraph does not impair any authority which any court would otherwise have to take judicial notice of any matter of State law.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 42 - EXTORTIONATE CREDIT TRANSACTIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 892. Making extortionate extensions of credit
(a) Whoever makes any extortionate extension of credit, or conspires to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(b) In any prosecution under this section, if it is shown that all of the following factors were present in connection with the extension of credit in question, there is prima facie evidence that the extension of credit was extortionate, but this subsection is nonexclusive and in no way limits the effect or applicability of subsection (a):
(1) The repayment of the extension of credit, or the performance of any promise given in consideration thereof, would be unenforceable, through civil judicial processes against the debtor
(A) in the jurisdiction within which the debtor, if a natural person, resided or
(B) in every jurisdiction within which the debtor, if other than a natural person, was incorporated or qualified to do business at the time the extension of credit was made.
(2) The extension of credit was made at a rate of interest in excess of an annual rate of 45 per centum calculated according to the actuarial method of allocating payments made on a debt between principal and interest, pursuant to which a payment is applied first to the accumulated interest and the balance is applied to the unpaid principal.
(3) At the time the extension of credit was made, the debtor reasonably believed that either
(A) one or more extensions of credit by the creditor had been collected or attempted to be collected by extortionate means, or the nonrepayment thereof had been punished by extortionate means; or
(B) the creditor had a reputation for the use of extortionate means to collect extensions of credit or to punish the nonrepayment thereof.
(4) Upon the making of the extension of credit, the total of the extensions of credit by the creditor to the debtor then outstanding, including any unpaid interest or similar charges, exceeded $100.
(c) In any prosecution under this section, if evidence has been introduced tending to show the existence of any of the circumstances described in subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2), and direct evidence of the actual belief of the debtor as to the creditor's collection practices is not available, then for the purpose of showing the understanding of the debtor and the creditor at the time the extension of credit was made, the court may in its discretion allow evidence to be introduced tending to show the reputation as to collection practices of the creditor in any community of which the debtor was a member at the time of the extension.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 42 - EXTORTIONATE CREDIT TRANSACTIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 893. Financing extortionate extensions of credit
Whoever willfully advances money or property, whether as a gift, as a loan, as an investment, pursuant to a partnership or profit-sharing agreement, or otherwise, to any person, with reasonable grounds to believe that it is the intention of that person to use the money or property so advanced directly or indirectly for the purpose of making extortionate extensions of credit, shall be fined under this title or an amount not exceeding twice the value of the money or property so advanced, whichever is greater, or shall be imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 42 - EXTORTIONATE CREDIT TRANSACTIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 894. Collection of extensions of credit by extortionate means
(a) Whoever knowingly participates in any way, or conspires to do so, in the use of any extortionate means
(1) to collect or attempt to collect any extension of credit, or
(2) to punish any person for the nonrepayment thereof, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(b) In any prosecution under this section, for the purpose of showing an implicit threat as a means of collection, evidence may be introduced tending to show that one or more extensions of credit by the creditor were, to the knowledge of the person against whom the implicit threat was alleged to have been made, collected or attempted to be collected by extortionate means or that the nonrepayment thereof was punished by extortionate means.
(c) In any prosecution under this section, if evidence has been introduced tending to show the existence, at the time the extension of credit in question was made, of the circumstances described in section 892(b)(1) or the circumstances described in section 892(b)(2), and direct evidence of the actual belief of the debtor as to the creditor's collection practices is not available, then for the purpose of showing that words or other means of communication, shown to have been employed as a means of collection, in fact carried an express or implicit threat, the court may in its discretion allow evidence to be introduced tending to show the reputation of the defendant in any community of which the person against whom the alleged threat was made was a member at the time of the collection or attempt at collection.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 96 - RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 1961. Definitions
As used in this chapter -
(1) ''racketeering activity'' means (A) any act or threat involving murder, kidnapping, gambling, arson, robbery, bribery, extortion, dealing in obscene matter, or dealing in a controlled substance or listed chemical (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act), which is chargeable under State law and punishable by imprisonment for more than one year; (B) any act which is indictable under any of the following provisions of title 18, United States Code: Section 201 (relating to bribery), section 224 (relating to sports bribery), sections 471, 472, and 473 (relating to counterfeiting), section 659 (relating to theft from interstate shipment) if the act indictable under section 659 is felonious, section 664 (relating to embezzlement from pension and welfare funds), sections 891-894 (relating to extortionate credit transactions), section 1028 (relating to fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents), section 1029 (relating to fraud and related activity in connection with access devices), section 1084 (relating to the transmission of gambling information), section 1341 (relating to mail fraud), section 1343 (relating to wire fraud), section 1344 (relating to financial institution fraud), section 1425 (relating to the procurement of citizenship or nationalization unlawfully), section 1426 (relating to the reproduction of naturalization or citizenship papers), section 1427 (relating to the sale of naturalization or citizenship papers), sections 1461-1465 (relating to obscene matter), section 1503 (relating to obstruction of justice), section 1510 (relating to obstruction of criminal investigations), section 1511 (relating to the obstruction of State or local law enforcement), section 1512 (relating to tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant), section 1513 (relating to retaliating against a witness, victim, or an informant), section 1542 (relating to false statement in application and use of passport), section 1543 (relating to forgery or false use of passport), section 1544 (relating to misuse of passport), section 1546 (relating to fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents), sections 1581-1588 (relating to peonage and slavery), section 1951 (relating to interference with commerce, robbery, or extortion), section 1952 (relating to racketeering), section 1953 (relating to interstate transportation of wagering paraphernalia), section 1954 (relating to unlawful welfare fund payments), section 1955 (relating to the prohibition of illegal gambling businesses), section 1956 (relating to the laundering of monetary instruments), section 1957 (relating to engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from specified unlawful activity), section 1958 (relating to use of interstate commerce facilities in the commission of murder-for-hire), sections 2251, 2251A, 2252, and 2260 (relating to sexual exploitation of children), sections 2312 and 2313 (relating to interstate transportation of stolen motor vehicles), sections 2314 and 2315 (relating to interstate transportation of stolen property), section 2318 (relating to trafficking in counterfeit labels for phonorecords, computer programs or computer program documentation or packaging and copies of motion pictures or other audiovisual works), section 2319 (relating to criminal infringement of a copyright), section 2319A (relating to unauthorized fixation of and trafficking in sound recordings and music videos of live musical performances), section 2320 (relating to trafficking in goods or services bearing counterfeit marks), section 2321 (relating to trafficking in certain motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts), sections 2341-2346 (relating to trafficking in contraband cigarettes), sections 2421-24 (relating to white slave traffic), (C) any act which is indictable under title 29, United States Code, section 186 (dealing with restrictions on payments and loans to labor organizations) or section 501(c) (relating to embezzlement from union funds), (D) any offense involving fraud connected with a case under title 11 (except a case under section 157 of this title), fraud in the sale of securities, or the felonious manufacture, importation, receiving, concealment, buying, selling, or otherwise dealing in a controlled substance or listed chemical (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act), punishable under any law of the United States, (E) any act which is indictable under the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act, (F) any act which is indictable under the Immigration and Nationality Act, section 274 (relating to bringing in and harboring certain aliens), section 277 (relating to aiding or assisting certain aliens to enter the United States), or section 278 (relating to importation of alien for immoral purpose) if the act indictable under such section of such Act was committed for the purpose of financial gain, or (G) any act that is indictable under any provision listed in section 2332b(g)(5)(B);
(2) ''State'' means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, any territory or possession of the United States, any political subdivision, or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof;
(3) ''person'' includes any individual or entity capable of holding a legal or beneficial interest in property;
(4) ''enterprise'' includes any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity, and any union or group of individuals associated in fact although not a legal entity;
(5) ''pattern of racketeering activity'' requires at least two acts of racketeering activity, one of which occurred after the effective date of this chapter and the last of which occurred within ten years (excluding any period of imprisonment) after the commission of a prior act of racketeering activity;
(6) ''unlawful debt'' means a debt (A) incurred or contracted in gambling activity which was in violation of the law of the United States, a State or political subdivision thereof, or which is unenforceable under State or Federal law in whole or in part as to principal or interest because of the laws relating to usury, and (B) which was incurred in connection with the business of gambling in violation of the law of the United States, a State or political subdivision thereof, or the business of lending money or a thing of value at a rate usurious under State or Federal law, where the usurious rate is at least twice the enforceable rate;
(7) ''racketeering investigator'' means any attorney or investigator so designated by the Attorney General and charged with the duty of enforcing or carrying into effect this chapter;
(8) ''racketeering investigation'' means any inquiry conducted by any racketeering investigator for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person has been involved in any violation of this chapter or of any final order, judgment, or decree of any court of the United States, duly entered in any case or proceeding arising under this chapter;
(9) ''documentary material'' includes any book, paper, document, record, recording, or other material; and
(10) ''Attorney General'' includes the Attorney General of the United States, the Deputy Attorney General of the United States, the Associate Attorney General of the United States, any Assistant Attorney General of the United States, or any employee of the Department of Justice or any employee of any department or agency of the United States so designated by the Attorney General to carry out the powers conferred on the Attorney General by this chapter. Any department or agency so designated may use in investigations authorized by this chapter either the investigative provisions of this chapter or the investigative power of such department or agency otherwise conferred by law.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 96 - RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATIONS
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Section 1962. Prohibited activities
(a) It shall be unlawful for any person who has received any income derived, directly or indirectly, from a pattern of racketeering activity or through collection of an unlawful debt in which such person has participated as a principal within the meaning of section 2, title 18, United States Code, to use or invest, directly or indirectly, any part of such income, or the proceeds of such income, in acquisition of any interest in, or the establishment or operation of, any enterprise which is engaged in, or the activities of which affect, interstate or foreign commerce. A purchase of securities on the open market for purposes of investment, and without the intention of controlling or participating in the control of the issuer, or of assisting another to do so, shall not be unlawful under this subsection if the securities of the issuer held by the purchaser, the members of his immediate family, and his or their accomplices in any pattern or racketeering activity or the collection of an unlawful debt after such purchase do not amount in the aggregate to one percent of the outstanding securities of any one class, and do not confer, either in law or in fact, the power to elect one or more directors of the issuer.
(b) It shall be unlawful for any person through a pattern of racketeering activity or through collection of an unlawful debt to acquire or maintain, directly or indirectly, any interest in or control of any enterprise which is engaged in, or the activities of which affect, interstate or foreign commerce.
(c) It shall be unlawful for any person employed by or associated with any enterprise engaged in, or the activities of which affect, interstate or foreign commerce, to conduct or participate, directly or indirectly, in the conduct of such enterprise's affairs through a pattern of racketeering activity or collection of unlawful debt.
(d) It shall be unlawful for any person to conspire to violate any of the provisions of subsection (a), (b), or (c) of this section.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 96 - RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 1963. Criminal penalties
(a) Whoever violates any provision of section 1962 of this chapter shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years (or for life if the violation is based on a racketeering activity for which the maximum penalty includes life imprisonment), or both, and shall forfeit to the United States, irrespective of any provision of State law -
(1) any interest the person has acquired or maintained in violation of section 1962;
(2) any -
(A) interest in;
(B) security of;
(C) claim against; or
(D) property or contractual right of any kind affording a source of influence over;
any enterprise which the person has established, operated, controlled, conducted, or participated in the conduct of, in violation of section 1962; and
(3) any property constituting, or derived from, any proceeds which the person obtained, directly or indirectly, from racketeering activity or unlawful debt collection in violation of section 1962.
The court, in imposing sentence on such person shall order, in addition to any other sentence imposed pursuant to this section, that the person forfeit to the United States all property described in this subsection. In lieu of a fine otherwise authorized by this section, a defendant who derives profits or other proceeds from an offense may be fined not more than twice the gross profits or other proceeds.
(b) Property subject to criminal forfeiture under this section includes -
(1) real property, including things growing on, affixed to, and found in land; and
(2) tangible and intangible personal property, including rights, privileges, interests, claims, and securities.
(c) All right, title, and interest in property described in subsection (a) vests in the United States upon the commission of the act giving rise to forfeiture under this section. Any such property that is subsequently transferred to a person other than the defendant may be the subject of a special verdict of forfeiture and thereafter shall be ordered forfeited to the United States, unless the transferee establishes in a hearing pursuant to subsection (l) that he is a bona fide purchaser for value of such property who at the time of purchase was reasonably without cause to believe that the property was subject to forfeiture under this section.
(d)(1) Upon application of the United States, the court may enter a restraining order or injunction, require the execution of a satisfactory performance bond, or take any other action to preserve the availability of property described in subsection (a) for forfeiture under this section -
(A) upon the filing of an indictment or information charging a violation of section 1962 of this chapter and alleging that the property with respect to which the order is sought would, in the event of conviction, be subject to forfeiture under this section; or
(B) prior to the filing of such an indictment or information, if, after notice to persons appearing to have an interest in the property and opportunity for a hearing, the court determines that -
(i) there is a substantial probability that the United States will prevail on the issue of forfeiture and that failure to enter the order will result in the property being destroyed, removed from the jurisdiction of the court, or otherwise made unavailable for forfeiture; and
(ii) the need to preserve the availability of the property through the entry of the requested order outweighs the hardship on any party against whom the order is to be entered:
Provided, however, That an order entered pursuant to subparagraph (B) shall be effective for not more than ninety days, unless extended by the court for good cause shown or unless an indictment or information described in subparagraph (A) has been filed.
(2) A temporary restraining order under this subsection may be entered upon application of the United States without notice or opportunity for a hearing when an information or indictment has not yet been filed with respect to the property, if the United States demonstrates that there is probable cause to believe that the property with respect to which the order is sought would, in the event of conviction, be subject to forfeiture under this section and that provision of notice will jeopardize the availability of the property for forfeiture. Such a temporary order shall expire not more than ten days after the date on which it is entered, unless extended for good cause shown or unless the party against whom it is entered consents to an extension for a longer period. A hearing requested concerning an order entered under this paragraph shall be held at the earliest possible time, and prior to the expiration of the temporary order.
(3) The court may receive and consider, at a hearing held pursuant to this subsection, evidence and information that would be inadmissible under the Federal Rules of Evidence.
(e) Upon conviction of a person under this section, the court shall enter a judgment of forfeiture of the property to the United States and shall also authorize the Attorney General to seize all property ordered forfeited upon such terms and conditions as the court shall deem proper. Following the entry of an order declaring the property forfeited, the court may, upon application of the United States, enter such appropriate restraining orders or injunctions, require the execution of satisfactory performance bonds, appoint receivers, conservators, appraisers, accountants, or trustees, or take any other action to protect the interest of the United States in the property ordered forfeited. Any income accruing to, or derived from, an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise which has been ordered forfeited under this section may be used to offset ordinary and necessary expenses to the enterprise which are required by law, or which are necessary to protect the interests of the United States or third parties. (f) Following the seizure of property ordered forfeited under this section, the Attorney General shall direct the disposition of the property by sale or any other commercially feasible means, making due provision for the rights of any innocent persons. Any property right or interest not exercisable by, or transferable for value to, the United States shall expire and shall not revert to the defendant, nor shall the defendant or any person acting in concert with or on behalf of the defendant be eligible to purchase forfeited property at any sale held by the United States. Upon application of a person, other than the defendant or a person acting in concert with or on behalf of the defendant, the court may restrain or stay the sale or disposition of the property pending the conclusion of any appeal of the criminal case giving rise to the forfeiture, if the applicant demonstrates that proceeding with the sale or disposition of the property will result in irreparable injury, harm or loss to him. Notwithstanding 31 U.S.C. 3302(b), the proceeds of any sale or other disposition of property forfeited under this section and any moneys forfeited shall be used to pay all proper expenses for the forfeiture and the sale, including expenses of seizure, maintenance and custody of the property pending its disposition, advertising and court costs. The Attorney General shall deposit in the Treasury any amounts of such proceeds or moneys remaining after the payment of such expenses.
(g) With respect to property ordered forfeited under this section, the Attorney General is authorized to -
(1) grant petitions for mitigation or remission of forfeiture, restore forfeited property to victims of a violation of this chapter, or take any other action to protect the rights of innocent persons which is in the interest of justice and which is not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter;
(2) compromise claims arising under this section;
(3) award compensation to persons providing information resulting in a forfeiture under this section;
(4) direct the disposition by the United States of all property ordered forfeited under this section by public sale or any other commercially feasible means, making due provision for the rights of innocent persons; and
(5) take appropriate measures necessary to safeguard and maintain property ordered forfeited under this section pending its disposition.
(h) The Attorney General may promulgate regulations with respect to -
(1) making reasonable efforts to provide notice to persons who may have an interest in property ordered forfeited under this section;
(2) granting petitions for remission or mitigation of forfeiture;
(3) the restitution of property to victims of an offense petitioning for remission or mitigation of forfeiture under this chapter;
(4) the disposition by the United States of forfeited property by public sale or other commercially feasible means;
(5) the maintenance and safekeeping of any property forfeited under this section pending its disposition; and
(6) the compromise of claims arising under this chapter. Pending the promulgation of such regulations, all provisions of law relating to the disposition of property, or the proceeds from the sale thereof, or the remission or mitigation of forfeitures for violation of the customs laws, and the compromise of claims and the award of compensation to informers in respect of such forfeitures shall apply to forfeitures incurred, or alleged to have been incurred, under the provisions of this section, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions hereof. Such duties as are imposed upon the Customs Service or any person with respect to the disposition of property under the customs law shall be performed under this chapter by the Attorney General.
(i) Except as provided in subsection (l), no party claiming an interest in property subject to forfeiture under this section may -
(1) intervene in a trial or appeal of a criminal case involving the forfeiture of such property under this section; or
(2) commence an action at law or equity against the United States concerning the validity of his alleged interest in the property subsequent to the filing of an indictment or information alleging that the property is subject to forfeiture under this section.
(j) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to enter orders as provided in this section without regard to the location of any property which may be subject to forfeiture under this section or which has been ordered forfeited under this section.
(k) In order to facilitate the identification or location of property declared forfeited and to facilitate the disposition of petitions for remission or mitigation of forfeiture, after the entry of an order declaring property forfeited to the United States the court may, upon application of the United States, order that the testimony of any witness relating to the property forfeited be taken by deposition and that any designated book, paper, document, record, recording, or other material not privileged be produced at the same time and place, in the same manner as provided for the taking of depositions under Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.
(l)(1) Following the entry of an order of forfeiture under this section, the United States shall publish notice of the order and of its intent to dispose of the property in such manner as the Attorney General may direct. The Government may also, to the extent practicable, provide direct written notice to any person known to have alleged an interest in the property that is the subject of the order of forfeiture as a substitute for published notice as to those persons so notified.
(2) Any person, other than the defendant, asserting a legal interest in property which has been ordered forfeited to the United States pursuant to this section may, within thirty days of the final publication of notice or his receipt of notice under paragraph (1), whichever is earlier, petition the court for a hearing to adjudicate the validity of his alleged interest in the property. The hearing shall be held before the court alone, without a jury.
(3) The petition shall be signed by the petitioner under penalty of perjury and shall set forth the nature and extent of the petitioner's right, title, or interest in the property, the time and circumstances of the petitioner's acquisition of the right, title, or interest in the property, any additional facts supporting the petitioner's claim, and the relief sought.
(4) The hearing on the petition shall, to the extent practicable and consistent with the interests of justice, be held within thirty days of the filing of the petition. The court may consolidate the hearing on the petition with a hearing on any other petition filed by a person other than the defendant under this subsection.
(5) At the hearing, the petitioner may testify and present evidence and witnesses on his own behalf, and cross-examine witnesses who appear at the hearing. The United States may present evidence and witnesses in rebuttal and in defense of its claim to the property and cross-examine witnesses who appear at the hearing. In addition to testimony and evidence presented at the hearing, the court shall consider the relevant portions of the record of the criminal case which resulted in the order of forfeiture.
(6) If, after the hearing, the court determines that the petitioner has established by a preponderance of the evidence that -
(A) the petitioner has a legal right, title, or interest in the property, and such right, title, or interest renders the order of forfeiture invalid in whole or in part because the right, title, or interest was vested in the petitioner rather than the defendant or was superior to any right, title, or interest of the defendant at the time of the commission of the acts which gave rise to the forfeiture of the property under this section; or
(B) the petitioner is a bona fide purchaser for value of the right, title, or interest in the property and was at the time of purchase reasonably without cause to believe that the property was subject to forfeiture under this section;
the court shall amend the order of forfeiture in accordance with its determination.
(7) Following the court's disposition of all petitions filed under this subsection, or if no such petitions are filed following the expiration of the period provided in paragraph (2) for the filing of such petitions, the United States shall have clear title to property that is the subject of the order of forfeiture and may warrant good title to any subsequent purchaser or transferee.
(m) If any of the property described in subsection (a), as a result of any act or omission of the defendant -
(1) cannot be located upon the exercise of due diligence;
(2) has been transferred or sold to, or deposited with, a third party;
(3) has been placed beyond the jurisdiction of the court;
(4) has been substantially diminished in value; or
(5) has been commingled with other property which cannot be divided without difficulty;
the court shall order the forfeiture of any other property of the defendant up to the value of any property described in paragraphs (1) through (5).
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 96 - RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 1964. Civil remedies
(a) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to prevent and restrain violations of section 1962 of this chapter by issuing appropriate orders, including, but not limited to: ordering any person to divest himself of any interest, direct or indirect, in any enterprise; imposing reasonable restrictions on the future activities or investments of any person, including, but not limited to, prohibiting any person from engaging in the same type of endeavor as the enterprise engaged in, the activities of which affect interstate or foreign commerce; or ordering dissolution or reorganization of any enterprise, making due provision for the rights of innocent persons.
(b) The Attorney General may institute proceedings under this section. Pending final determination thereof, the court may at any time enter such restraining orders or prohibitions, or take such other actions, including the acceptance of satisfactory performance bonds, as it shall deem proper.
(c) Any person injured in his business or property by reason of a violation of section 1962 of this chapter may sue therefor in any appropriate United States district court and shall recover threefold the damages he sustains and the cost of the suit, including a reasonable attorney's fee, except that no person may rely upon any conduct that would have been actionable as fraud in the purchase or sale of securities to establish a violation of section 1962. The exception contained in the preceding sentence does not apply to an action against any person that is criminally convicted in connection with the fraud, in which case the statute of limitations shall start to run on the date on which the conviction becomes final.
(d) A final judgment or decree rendered in favor of the United States in any criminal proceeding brought by the United States under this chapter shall estop the defendant from denying the essential allegations of the criminal offense in any subsequent civil proceeding brought by the United States.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 115 - TREASON, SEDITION, AND SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 2381. Treason
Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the United States or elsewhere, is guilty of treason and shall suffer death, or shall be imprisoned not less than five years and fined under this title but not less than $10,000; and shall be incapable of holding any office under the United States.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 115 - TREASON, SEDITION, AND SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 2382. Misprision of treason
Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States and having knowledge of the commission of any treason against them, conceals and does not, as soon as may be, disclose and make known the same to the President or to some judge of the United States, or to the governor or to some judge or justice of a particular State, is guilty of misprision of treason and shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than seven years, or both.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 115 - TREASON, SEDITION, AND SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 2383. Rebellion or insurrection
Whoever incites, sets on foot, assists, or engages in any rebellion or insurrection against the authority of the United States or the laws thereof, or gives aid or comfort thereto, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; and shall be incapable of holding any office under the United States.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 115 - TREASON, SEDITION, AND SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 2384. Seditious conspiracy
If two or more persons in any State or Territory, or in any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, conspire to overthrow, put down, or to destroy by force the Government of the United States, or to levy war against them, or to oppose by force the authority thereof, or by force to prevent, hinder, or delay the execution of any law of the United States, or by force to seize, take, or possess any property of the United States contrary to the authority thereof, they shall each be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both.
United States Code
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 115 - TREASON, SEDITION, AND SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Code as of: 01/22/02
Section 2385. Advocating overthrow of Government
Whoever knowingly or willfully advocates, abets, advises, or teaches the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of overthrowing or destroying the government of the United States or the government of any State, Territory, District or Possession thereof, or the government of any political subdivision therein, by force or violence, or by the assassination of any officer of any such government; or
Whoever, with intent to cause the overthrow or destruction of any such government, prints, publishes, edits, issues, circulates, sells, distributes, or publicly displays any written or printed matter advocating, advising, or teaching the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of overthrowing or destroying any government in the United States by force or violence, or attempts to do so; or
Whoever organizes or helps or attempts to organize any society, group, or assembly of persons who teach, advocate, or encourage the overthrow or destruction of any such government by force or violence; or becomes or is a member of, or affiliates with, any such society, group, or assembly of persons, knowing the purposes thereof -
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both, and shall be ineligible for employment by the United States or any department or agency thereof, for the five years next following his conviction.
If two or more persons conspire to commit any offense named in this section, each shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both, and shall be ineligible for employment by the United States or any department or agency thereof, for the five years next following his conviction. As used in this section, the terms ''organizes'' and
''organize'', with respect to any society, group, or assembly of persons, include the recruiting of new members, the forming of new units, and the regrouping or expansion of existing clubs, classes, and other units of such society, group, or assembly of persons.

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